Aboveground and belowground biomass in logged-over tropical rain forests under different soil conditions in Borneo     

Tanaka Kenzo  Ryo Furutani  Daisuke Hattori  Sota Tanaka  Katsutoshi Sakurai  Ikuo Ninomiya  Joseph Jawa Kendawang 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(1):197-205

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Purification of swine carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III and measurement of its levels in tissues and plasma     

T. Nishita  T. Harada  H. Sakanoue  S. Arai  S. Itoh  K. Orito  K. Arishima 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(1):119-127

The changes in the levels of carbonic anhydrase isozyme III (CA‐III) in swine plasma and urine have not been previously determined or reported. CA‐III is relatively specific to skeletal muscles, and should therefore be a useful diagnostic marker for muscle diseases. We isolated CA‐III from swine muscle tissues and determined CA‐III levels in the plasma and urine from both healthy and diseased pigs. The levels of CA‐III in the tissues of female swine (age, 3 months) and plasma of young swine (age, 1–5 months) and adult female pigs (age, 2–3 years) were determined using the ELISA system for swine CA‐III. The mean (± SD) levels of CA‐III in the skeletal muscles were 3.8 ± 3.2 mg/g (wet tissue), and in the plasma, 230 ± 193 ng/ml at 1 month, 189 ± 208 ng/ml at 2 months, 141 ± 148 ng/ml at 3 months, 78 ± 142 ng/ml at 4 months and 53 ± 99 ng/ml at 5 months. The mean level of CA‐III in the plasma samples from 2‐ to 3‐year‐old pigs was 18 ± 60 ng/ml. CA‐III in the plasma samples was found to decrease from 1 month until 3 years of age (p < 0.01). We performed far‐western blotting to clarify the cause of the observed decrease in CA‐III in plasma. Our results demonstrated that CA‐III is bound to the transferrin and albumin. In addition, we determined that the levels of CA‐III in plasma and urine samples were higher in diseased swine compared with the healthy pigs.  相似文献   

Effect of growth and parturition on hair cortisol in Holstein cattle     

Hideaki Hayashi  Chigusa Arai  Yurie Ikeuchi  Maho Yamanaka  Takuji Hirayama 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13518

The effect of growth and parturition on hair cortisol concentrations of cattle was investigated. Plasma, saliva, and hair (black and white from the shoulders and hip) samples were collected from calves at 6 and 24 weeks old and from dairy cattle at the dry (1 and 2 months prepartum) and lactation (10, 50, 150, and 250 days postpartum) periods. Plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations were lower in 24-week-old calves than those of 6-week-old calves, and hair cortisol concentrations decreased regardless of color and position. In 6-week-old calves, hair cortisol concentrations differed between sampling positions, but this difference was not observed in 24-week-old calves. Plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations increased before parturition until 10 days postpartum then decreased until 50 days postpartum. The same trend was observed in the cortisol concentrations of white hair. Contrarily, cortisol concentrations in black hair remained unchanged and was lower than that in white hair. Hair cortisol concentration can vary greatly depending on the location on the body, hair color, cattle age, or parturition. When this method is used, all of the above factors must be considered.  相似文献   

Influence of Chelating Agent Addition on Copper Distribution and Microbial Activity in Soil and Copper Uptake by Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea)     

Venecio U. Ultra  Jr.    Atsuko Yano  K&#;z&#; Iwasaki  Sota Tanaka  Yumei Kang  Katsutoshi Sakurai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(2):193-202

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Plant seed cystatins and their target enzymes of endogenous and exogenous origin     

Arai S  Matsumoto I  Emori Y  Abe K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6612-6617

Cystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family, and those of animal origin have long been studied from medical and physiological aspects. In the meantime, oryzacystatin cloned from rice seeds in 1987 was recognized as the first well-defined cystatin of plant origin. Cloning studies followed to disclose various plant cytstatins including those of corn and soybean origin, their similarities to and differences from animal cystatins being analyzed in detail. Plant seed cystatins are now understood as factors controlling germination by inhibition of endogenous cysteine proteinases. They can also recognize insect midgut proteinases as exogenous target enzymes to control. This paper discusses chemical and phytophysiological relationships between cystatins and their targets.  相似文献   

Can Shifting Cultivation on Acid Soils in the Southeast Asia Be Sustainable in the Future? A Case Study in Northern Laos     

Katsutoshi Sakurai  Yukoh Okabayashi  Sota Tanaka  Etsuko Watanabe  Jaruntorn Boonyanuphap  Lasay Nouanthasing 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):767-770

Sustainability of the local shifting cultivation practice in the mountainous region of Northern Laos was investigated. Due to low fertility of the soils derived from shale and its strongly weathered and acidic nature in the eastern side of the Nam Khan River watershed, shortening of the fallow period to produce enough amount of upland rice for the local population would not be sustainable any more. On the other hand, the eroded materials from limestone range were added to the soils in the western side of watershed which made the soil more fertile. Based on the calculated population capacity by Carneiro's equation, a system with 2- or 3-year fallow for 1-year cultivation can be the maximum to afford the current population. To make the shifting cultivation system more sustainable, introduction of fallow system with a tree species, paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera ) could be a good option to be proposed.  相似文献   

Composition of piscine prey in the diet of large pelagic fish in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Masato Moteki  Masumi Arai  Kotaro Tsuchiya  Hiroaki Okamoto 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(6):1063-1074

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Determination of trace elements in otoliths of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta by laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takaomi Arai  Takafumi Hirata 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):977-984

Trace element levels in the otoliths of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta were examined by means of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). A close linear relationship in the Sr/Ca ratios between X-ray analysis with an electron microprobe (EPMA) and LA-ICPMS analysis was found, suggesting that the latter technique could be used to distinguish the marine and freshwater life phases. Mg, Zn, Ba and Sr concentrations of the otoliths differed between the freshwater and seawater growth zones. Mg and Zn concentrations in the freshwater growth zone were significantly higher than those in the seawater growth zone, while Sr and Ba concentration s in the former were significantly lower than in the latter. The relationship between Sr concentration and Mg, Zn, and Ba concentrations at each ablation showed significant correlations. These results suggest that trace element compositions may reflect differences between freshwater and seawater environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation diluents for spermatozoa of Sakhalin taimen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hucho perryi</Emphasis>     

Satoshi?KusudaEmail author  Nobuhisa?Koide  Hiloshi?Kawamula  Tetsuo?Teranishi  Jun?-Ichiro?Nakajima  Etsuro?Yamaha  Katsutoshi?Arai  Hiromi?Ohta 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(2):293-298

To develop a suitable cryopreservation diluent for spermatozoa of the endangered Sakhalin taimen Hucho perryi, all possible combinations of cryoprotectants (glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol) and extenders (fetal bovine serum [FBS], 300 mM glucose solution [GS], artificial seminal plasma for masu salmon) were examined by observing sperm motility 10 s after thawing. Spermatozoa cryopreserved with diluents such as mixtures of 10% glycerol plus 90% FBS, 10% DMSO plus 90% FBS, and 10% methanol plus 90% GS showed the highest motility. The maximal post-thaw motility was observed at 10% among all concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of these three cryoprotectants. No significant difference among three diluents was observed in motility at 10 s. Mixtures of 10% glycerol plus 90% FBS, 10% DMSO plus 90% FBS, and 10% methanol plus 90% GS are suitable cryopreservation diluents for Sakhalin taimen spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Changes in plasma prolactin and growth hormone concentrations during freshwater adaptation of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) reared in seawater for a prolonged period     

Tsuyoshi Ogasawara  Tetsuya Hirano  Toshio Akiyama  Shigeru Arai  Masatomo Tagawa 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):309-313

Freshwater adaptability of chum salmon was examined in juvenile fish reared in seawater for 4 months. The fish, weighing about 40g, were transferred directly to fresh water in October, when their cohorts are migrating in the North Pacific Ocean. Plasma sodium concentration decreased from 167 mM in seawater to about 130 mM during the first 24h, and increased gradually during 2–7 days after the transfer. No immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) was detected in the plasma of the seawater-adapted fish nor during the first 24h in fresh water. Significant levels of PRL were detected after 2–3 days. The maximal level (2.6 ng/ml) was observed after 5 days and became undetectable again after 7 days; no significant correlation was seen between the changes in plasma sodium and PRL levels during the transfer. Plasma growth hormone levels were relatively constant, except for a significant decrease 12h after the transfer. Although plasma thyroxine levels were highly variable during the experiment, a significant decrease and an increase were observed 12h and 5 days after the transfer, respectively. The present study indicates that juvenile chum salmon retain hyperosmoregulatory ability even after prolonged rearing in seawater. Examination of turnover rates, rather than changes in plasma levels, seems to be essential to clarify the osmoregulatory roles of the hormones.  相似文献